There are certain types of wood on which you do need to use paste filler. It would be impossible to prepare a list that enumerates all the woods of this nature, but when doing wood finishing, it is helpful to have a list of typical species. As a general rule, woods that have open pores or cell cavities that are plainly visible to the naked eye should be filled with a paste filler.
A wood that has been colored with an oil stain containing linseed oil does not need a paste filler as much as one stained with a water stain. For this reason woods having fine cell openings, such as birch, are frequently filled after a water stain. Generally, they are not filled after application of linseed oil stain, because when you mix the drying oil with the color, this sizes the wood and plugs the cell openings to some extent.
The volatile oil stains that are made from a solvent and an oil soluble coal tar dye do not size wood much more than water stain does. The list of woods that you would find in a list is based largely on the size of the cell cavities. Such a list is suggestive in deciding whether a given kind of wood should be filled with a paste filler, but you must remember that special types of finishes for unusual effects, such as corner guards, ornamental pediment, or designer window toppers, may be the determining factor in deciding whether or not to use filler and the color that you choose.
In some cases a list of woods shows the name of a wood in two columns. This indicates that there are at least two methods of finishing these woods that wood finishers commonly use, and that both methods are considered to be good under certain conditions. One important point is that paste fillers is that they are best on floors, but liquid fillers are not satisfactory on any kind of wood used for floors.
Paste fillers provide a more suitable finish for floors and can be used to treat all kinds of flooring both hardwoods and softwoods. With a paste filler you are able to give floors a good foundation of very hard, non-absorptive, long-wearing material as an undercoat for varnish. All woods are porous, because cavities or openings exist in all kinds of cells in the various woods.
If you look at this wood under the microscope, it will show that the closest grained non-porous woods to be full of cells and the end grain of such a wood, under a glass, appears like a sieve. The finest particles of a properly ground silex are small enough to lodge to some extent in the cells of even the closest grained wood and plug up or fill the cell openings.
What are spirit varnishes?
Shellac, dammar, mastic, and sandarac varnishes are quick drying well-known finishes designed for wood products such as wooden bar rails, wood fireplace inserts, and wood plinth blocks, which are often called spirit-varnishes. The term spirit varnish seems to have a slightly different meaning in England and France from that which is common in the United States. Abroad, the term spirit varnish refers to a mixture made from one or more gums or resins that may be dissolved in alcohol, turpentine, acetone, or similar volatile solvents, but which contains no drying-oils, such as linseed oil or tung oil.
In some foreign countries, it seems customary to classify alcoholic spirit-varnishes and turpentine spirit varnishes in one group. In the United States, two groups are sometimes made, gams or resins dissolved in alcohol being called spirit varnishes, while those cut with turpentine are called volatile-oil varnishes. Other American authorities use the foreign classification. The two groups are usually classed together, though and the term spirit varnish refers to solutions of gums or resins and volatile liquids.
Some resins such as dammar, mastic, and elemi are largely soluble in both alcohol and turpentine. Various resins, frequently in mixtures, are used in spirit-varnishes for anything from door toppers and fireplace mantels to napoleon fireplaces and window toppers. The solvents that are most commonly selected are turpentine or alcohol, although many of the resins will dissolve, either wholly or in part, in benzol or ether. It should be remembered, however, that some resins are largely or entirely soluble in turpentine and only partly soluble in alcohol. In other cases the reverse is true.
The following lists indicate the solvents that can be used with several of the resins:
Soluble in turpentine or benzol
- Dammar
- Mastic
- Rosin
Partly soluble in turpentine or benzol
- Sandarae (26% to 33%)
- Manila gun,hard (27% to 36%)
- Manila gum, soft (36% to 42%)
Soluble or nearly soluble in alcohol
- Sandarae
- Shellac
- Rosin
- Elemi
- Manila gum, soft
- Benzoin
Partly Soluble in Alcohol
- Dammar (71%)
- Mastic (64%)
- Brazilian copal (62%)
- Manila gum, hard (44%)
having fine cell openings, such as birch, are frequently filled after a water stain. Generally, they are not filled after application of linseed oil stain, because when you mix the drying oil with the color, this sizes the wood and plugs the cell openings to some extent.
The volatile oil stains that are made from a solvent and an oil soluble coal tar dye do not size wood much more than water stain does. The list of woods that you would find in a list is based largely on the size of the cell cavities. Such a list is suggestive in deciding whether a given kind of wood should be filled with a paste filler, but you must remember that special types of finishes for unusual effects, such as corner guards, ornamental pediment, or designer window toppers, may be the determining factor in deciding whether or not to use filler and the color that you choose.
In some cases a list of woods shows the name of a wood in two columns. This indicates that there are at least two methods of finishing these woods that wood finishers commonly use, and that both methods are considered to be good under certain conditions. One important point is that paste fillers is that they are best on floors, but liquid fillers are not satisfactory on any kind of wood used for floors.
Paste fillers provide a more suitable finish for floors and can be used to treat all kinds of flooring both hardwoods and softwoods. With a paste filler you are able to give floors a good foundation of very hard, non-absorptive, long-wearing material as an undercoat for varnish. All woods are porous, because cavities or openings exist in all kinds of cells in the various woods.
If you look at this wood under the microscope, it will show that the closest grained non-porous woods to be full of cells and the end grain of such a wood, under a glass, appears like a sieve. The finest particles of a properly ground silex are small enough to lodge to some extent in the cells of even the closest grained wood and plug up or fill the cell openings.
What are spirit varnishes?
Shellac, dammar, mastic, and sandarac varnishes are quick drying well-known finishes designed for wood products such as wooden bar rails, wood fireplace inserts, and wood plinth blocks, which are often called spirit-varnishes. The term spirit varnish seems to have a slightly different meaning in England and France from that which is common in the United States. Abroad, the term spirit varnish refers to a mixture made from one or more gums or resins that may be dissolved in alcohol, turpentine, acetone, or similar volatile solvents, but which contains no drying-oils, such as linseed oil or tung oil.
In some foreign countries, it seems customary to classify alcoholic spirit-varnishes and turpentine spirit varnishes in one group. In the United States, two groups are sometimes made, gams or resins dissolved in alcohol being called spirit varnishes, while those cut with turpentine are called volatile-oil varnishes. Other American authorities use the foreign classification. The two groups are usually classed together, though and the term spirit varnish refers to solutions of gums or resins and volatile liquids.
Some resins such as dammar, mastic, and elemi are largely soluble in both alcohol and turpentine. Various resins, frequently in mixtures, are used in spirit-varnishes for anything from door toppers and fireplace mantels to napoleon fireplaces and window toppers. The solvents that are most commonly selected are turpentine or alcohol, although many of the resins will dissolve, either wholly or in part, in benzol or ether. It should be remembered, however, that some resins are largely or entirely soluble in turpentine and only partly soluble in alcohol. In other cases the reverse is true.
The following lists indicate the solvents that can be used with several of the resins:
Soluble in turpentine or benzol
- Dammar
- Mastic
- Rosin
Partly soluble in turpentine or benzol
- Sandarae (26% to 33%)
- Manila gun,hard (27% to 36%)
- Manila gum, soft (36% to 42%)
Soluble or nearly soluble in alcohol
- Sandarae
- Shellac
- Rosin
- Elemi
- Manila gum, soft
- Benzoin
Partly Soluble in Alcohol
- Dammar (71%)
- Mastic (64%)
- Brazilian copal (62%)
- Manila gum, hard (44%)
that has been colored with an oil stain containing linseed oil does not need a paste filler as much as one stained with a water stain. For this reason woods having fine cell openings, such as birch, are frequently filled after a water stain. Generally, they are not filled after application of linseed oil stain, because when you mix the drying oil with the color, this sizes the wood and plugs the cell openings to some extent.
The volatile oil stains that are made from a solvent and an oil soluble coal tar dye do not size wood much more than water stain does. The list of woods that you would find in a list is based largely on the size of the cell cavities. Such a list is suggestive in deciding whether a given kind of wood should be filled with a paste filler, but you must remember that special types of finishes for unusual effects, such as corner guards, ornamental pediment, or designer window toppers, may be the determining factor in deciding whether or not to use filler and the color that you choose.
In some cases a list of woods shows the name of a wood in two columns. This indicates that there are at least two methods of finishing these woods that wood finishers commonly use, and that both methods are considered to be good under certain conditions. One important point is that paste fillers is that they are best on floors, but liquid fillers are not satisfactory on any kind of wood used for floors.
Paste fillers provide a more suitable finish for floors and can be used to treat all kinds of flooring both hardwoods and softwoods. With a paste filler you are able to give floors a good foundation of very hard, non-absorptive, long-wearing material as an undercoat for varnish. All woods are porous, because cavities or openings exist in all kinds of cells in the various woods.
If you look at this wood under the microscope, it will show that the closest grained non-porous woods to be full of cells and the end grain of such a wood, under a glass, appears like a sieve. The finest particles of a properly ground silex are small enough to lodge to some extent in the cells of even the closest grained wood and plug up or fill the cell openings.
What are spirit varnishes?
Shellac, dammar, mastic, and sandarac varnishes are quick drying well-known finishes designed for wood products such as wooden bar rails, wood fireplace inserts, and wood plinth blocks, which are often called spirit-varnishes. The term spirit varnish seems to have a slightly different meaning in England and France from that which is common in the United States. Abroad, the term spirit varnish refers to a mixture made from one or more gums or resins that may be dissolved in alcohol, turpentine, acetone, or similar volatile solvents, but which contains no drying-oils, such as linseed oil or tung oil.
In some foreign countries, it seems customary to classify alcoholic spirit-varnishes and turpentine spirit varnishes in one group. In the United States, two groups are sometimes made, gams or resins dissolved in alcohol being called spirit varnishes, while those cut with turpentine are called volatile-oil varnishes. Other American authorities use the foreign classification. The two groups are usually classed together, though and the term spirit varnish refers to solutions of gums or resins and volatile liquids.
Some resins such as dammar, mastic, and elemi are largely soluble in both alcohol and turpentine. Various resins, frequently in mixtures, are used in spirit-varnishes for anything from door toppers and fireplace mantels to napoleon fireplaces and window toppers. The solvents that are most commonly selected are turpentine or alcohol, although many of the resins will dissolve, either wholly or in part, in benzol or ether. It should be remembered, however, that some resins are largely or entirely soluble in turpentine and only partly soluble in alcohol. In other cases the reverse is true.
The following lists indicate the solvents that can be used with several of the resins:
Soluble in turpentine or benzol
- Dammar
- Mastic
- Rosin
Partly soluble in turpentine or benzol
- Sandarae (26% to 33%)
- Manila gun,hard (27% to 36%)
- Manila gum, soft (36% to 42%)
Soluble or nearly soluble in alcohol
- Sandarae
- Shellac
- Rosin
- Elemi
- Manila gum, soft
- Benzoin
Partly Soluble in Alcohol
- Dammar (71%)
- Mastic (64%)
- Brazilian copal (62%)
- Manila gum, hard (44%)
having fine cell openings, such as birch, are frequently filled after a water stain. Generally, they are not filled after application of linseed oil stain, because when you mix the drying oil with the color, this sizes the wood and plugs the cell openings to some extent.
The volatile oil stains that are made from a solvent and an oil soluble coal tar dye do not size wood much more than water stain does. The list of woods that you would find in a list is based largely on the size of the cell cavities. Such a list is suggestive in deciding whether a given kind of wood should be filled with a paste filler, but you must remember that special types of finishes for unusual effects, such as corner guards, ornamental pediment, or designer window toppers, may be the determining factor in deciding whether or not to use filler and the color that you choose.
In some cases a list of woods shows the name of a wood in two columns. This indicates that there are at least two methods of finishing these woods that wood finishers commonly use, and that both methods are considered to be good under certain conditions. One important point is that paste fillers is that they are best on floors, but liquid fillers are not satisfactory on any kind of wood used for floors.
Paste fillers provide a more suitable finish for floors and can be used to treat all kinds of flooring both hardwoods and softwoods. With a paste filler you are able to give floors a good foundation of very hard, non-absorptive, long-wearing material as an undercoat for varnish. All woods are porous, because cavities or openings exist in all kinds of cells in the various woods.
If you look at this wood under the microscope, it will show that the closest grained non-porous woods to be full of cells and the end grain of such a wood, under a glass, appears like a sieve. The finest particles of a properly ground silex are small enough to lodge to some extent in the cells of even the closest grained wood and plug up or fill the cell openings.
What are spirit varnishes?
Shellac, dammar, mastic, and sandarac varnishes are quick drying well-known finishes designed for wood products such as wooden bar rails, wood fireplace inserts, and wood plinth blocks, which are often called spirit-varnishes. The term spirit varnish seems to have a slightly different meaning in England and France from that which is common in the United States. Abroad, the term spirit varnish refers to a mixture made from one or more gums or resins that may be dissolved in alcohol, turpentine, acetone, or similar volatile solvents, but which contains no drying-oils, such as linseed oil or tung oil.
In some foreign countries, it seems customary to classify alcoholic spirit-varnishes and turpentine spirit varnishes in one group. In the United States, two groups are sometimes made, gams or resins dissolved in alcohol being called spirit varnishes, while those cut with turpentine are called volatile-oil varnishes. Other American authorities use the foreign classification. The two groups are usually classed together, though and the term spirit varnish refers to solutions of gums or resins and volatile liquids.
Some resins such as dammar, mastic, and elemi are largely soluble in both alcohol and turpentine. Various resins, frequently in mixtures, are used in spirit-varnishes for anything from door toppers and fireplace mantels to napoleon fireplaces and window toppers. The solvents that are most commonly selected are turpentine or alcohol, although many of the resins will dissolve, either wholly or in part, in benzol or ether. It should be remembered, however, that some resins are largely or entirely soluble in turpentine and only partly soluble in alcohol. In other cases the reverse is true.
The following lists indicate the solvents that can be used with several of the resins:
Soluble in turpentine or benzol
- Dammar
- Mastic
- Rosin
Partly soluble in turpentine or benzol
- Sandarae (26% to 33%)
- Manila gun,hard (27% to 36%)
- Manila gum, soft (36% to 42%)
Soluble or nearly soluble in alcohol
- Sandarae
- Shellac
- Rosin
- Elemi
- Manila gum, soft
- Benzoin
Partly Soluble in Alcohol
- Dammar (71%)
- Mastic (64%)
- Brazilian copal (62%)
- Manila gum, hard (44%)
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